The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. It was founded in 1945 to replace the League of Nations, in the hope that it would intervene in conflicts between nations and thereby avoid war. The organization began with fifty countries including the Philippines signing the United Nations Charter in 1945 in San Francisco, USA.
GROUP OF 24
The Group of 24, officially called The Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four on International Monetary Affairs and Development (G-24) was established in 1971 upon which the main objective is to concert the position of developing countries on monetary and development finance issues. It consists of the following countries from each of the three regions, namely, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia. Member countries are as follows:
- Region I (Africa): Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
- Region II (Latin America and the Caribbean): Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela.
- Region III (Asia and developing countries of Europe): India, Iran, Lebanon, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Syrian Arab Republic.
G-77
The Group of 77 (G-77) was established on 15 June 1964 by seventy-seven developing countries signatories of the “Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries” issued at the end of the first session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in Geneva. It is the largest intergovernmental organization of developing states in the United Nations, which provides the means for the countries of the South to articulate and promote their collective economic interests and enhance their joint negotiating capacity on all major international economic issues within the United Nations system, and promote South-South cooperation for development.
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
Asian Development (ADB) is an international development finance institution whose mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. It was conceived amid the postwar rehabilitation and reconstruction of the early 1960s. The vision was of a financial institution that would be Asian in character and foster economic growth and cooperation in the region - then one of the poorest in the world. The Philippines capital, Manila, was chosen to host the new institution - the Asian Development Bank - which opened its doors on 19 December 1966, with 31 members to serve a predominantly agricultural region.
ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION
APEC is the premier Asia-Pacific economic forum whose primary goal is to support sustainable economic growth and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region. They are united in their drive to build a dynamic and harmonious Asia-Pacific community by championing free and open trade and investment, promoting and accelerating regional economic integration, encouraging economic and technical cooperation, enhancing human security, and facilitating a favorable and sustainable business environment. Our initiatives turn policy goals into concrete results and agreements into tangible benefits.
ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok by the five original Member Countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam joined on 8 January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999.
The ASEAN Declaration states that the aims and purposes of the Association are:
(1) to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region; and
(2) to promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries in the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter.
EAST ASIA SUMMIT
The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a forum for dialogue on broad strategic, political and economic issues of common interest and concern with the aim of promoting peace, stability and economic prosperity in East Asia. It is an open, inclusive, transparent and outward-looking forum, which strives to strengthen global norms and universally recognised values with ASEAN as the driving force working in partnership with the other participants of the East Asia Summit.
LATIN UNION
The Latin Union is an international organization of nations that aims to protect, project, and promote the common cultural heritage and unifying identities of the Latin and Latin-influenced world. It was created in 1954 in Madrid, Spain, and it has existed as a functional institution since 1983. Since that time, its member states have risen from 12 to 37, and its membership now includes countries in Europe, Africa, the Americas and the Asia-Pacific region.
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. As of July 23, 2008, the WTO has 153 members.
The Philippines became a member of the WTO on January 1, 1995.
NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is an international organization of states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. It was founded in April 1955 and as of 2007, it has 118 members. The purpose of the organization as stated in the Havana Declaration of 1979 is to ensure "the national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of non-aligned countries" in their "struggle against imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, and all forms of foreign aggression, occupation, domination, interference or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc politics.
COLOMBO PLAN
The Colombo Plan is a regional organization that embodies the concept of collective inter-governmental effort to strengthen economic and social development of member countries in the Asia-Pacific Region. The primary focus of all Colombo Plan activities is on human resources development.
The principal organs of the Colombo Plan are - the Consultative Committee, the Council and the Secretariat. Administrative costs of the Council and Secretariat are borne equally by the 25 member countries.
WORLD BANK
The World Bank is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. The organizations that make up the World Bank Group are owned by the governments of member nations, which have the ultimate decision-making power within the organizations on all matters, be they policy, financial, or membership issues. In the case the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), there are 186 member countries, nearly all the countries of the world. The International Development Association (IDA) has 169 members, the International Finance Corporation has 182 members, the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency has 175 members, and the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes has 144 members.
Each institution plays a different but collaborative role to advance the vision of an inclusive and sustainable globalization. The IBRD focuses on middle income and creditworthy poor countries, while IDA focuses on the poorest countries in the world.
The Philippines became a member of the following World Bank's institutions on:
- IBRD - Dec 27, 1945
- IDA - Oct 28, 1960
- IFC - Aug 12, 1957
- MIGA - Feb 8, 1994
- ICSID - Dec 17, 1978
INTERPOOL
INTERPOL is the world’s largest international police organization, with 187 member countries. Created in 1923, it facilitates cross-border police co-operation, and supports and assists all organizations, authorities and services whose mission is to prevent or combat international crime.
Interpool aims to facilitate international police co-operation even where diplomatic relations do not exist between particular countries. Action is taken within the limits of existing laws in different countries and in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. INTERPOOL's constitution prohibits ‘any intervention or activities of a political, military, religious or racial character.’
UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO)
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16, 1945. Its stated purpose i to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law and the human rights, and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the UN Charter. The Philippines became a member of UNESCO on November 21, 1946.
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